NURS FPX 5003 Interview of Health Care Professional Essay Example

NURS FPX 5003 Assessment 2 Interview of Health Care Professional

Assignment Brief: NURS FPX 5003 Interview of Health Care Professional

Course: NURS FPX 5003 Health Assessment and Promotion for Disease Prevention in Population-Focused Health

Assignment Title: Assessment 2 Interview of Health Care Professional

Assignment Overview:

In this assignment, you will conduct an interview with a healthcare professional to explore strategies for addressing healthcare disparities and promoting health equity. By gaining insights from the experiences and perspectives of healthcare experts, you will analyze the challenges faced in delivering culturally and linguistically appropriate services and identify strategies to overcome these barriers.

Understanding Assignment Objectives:

The primary objective of this assignment is to deepen your understanding of healthcare disparities and the importance of providing culturally competent care. By conducting an interview with a healthcare professional, you will gain firsthand insights into the strategies employed to address the healthcare needs of diverse populations. Additionally, you will analyze the role of the National CLAS Standards in promoting health equity and reducing disparities in healthcare delivery.

The Student’s Role:

As a student, your role is to prepare for and conduct an interview with a healthcare professional. You will formulate thoughtful questions that delve into the challenges and strategies associated with addressing healthcare disparities. During the interview, you will actively listen to the insights shared by the healthcare professional and ask follow-up questions to gain a deeper understanding of the topic. After the interview, you will analyze the key findings and reflect on their implications for promoting health equity and improving patient outcomes.

NURS FPX 5003 Interview of Health Care Professional Essay Example

Introduction

Interviewing healthcare professionals is a valuable method for gaining insights into the healthcare needs of diverse populations served by healthcare organizations. By blending real-world experiences with healthcare data, we can create more effective strategies and plans. Understanding how healthcare professionals communicate with patients, particularly those from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, is crucial for providing them with the necessary health information for making informed decisions.

Additionally, healthcare professionals can contribute to refining best practices by observing the work of industry leaders. Implementing these best practices ensures adherence to relevant standards and guidelines in healthcare. This paper explores the key findings from an interview with Dr. Mud Swamp, who oversees various health programs at West Virginia College on this subject. Dr. Swamp’s insights shed light on strategies for addressing healthcare needs, evaluating interventions, and adhering to National CLAS Standards.

Strategies for Addressing Healthcare Needs

To understand a community’s healthcare needs, different methods can be used, like talking to healthcare professionals, meeting with community leaders, conducting surveys, and analyzing demographic data. Aron (2019) points out that the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle is a helpful tool for improving organizations. In healthcare, this cycle helps to check if care quality is good and if any changes are needed. External evaluators can help organizations plan changes and see if they work.

Healthcare disparities still exist in the United States, where certain groups, like sexual, ethnic, and gender minorities, and people with low health literacy, often get lower-quality care (NHS England and NHS Improvement, 2021). The Cultural and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) standards were introduced in 2000 to tackle these disparities. In 2013, better National CLAS standards were made to help healthcare organizations make sure everyone gets fair healthcare, especially minority groups with low health literacy. To provide CLAS, healthcare providers need to be culturally sensitive and competent (Minority Health, n.d.).

Criteria for Evaluating Strategies

To assess how well strategies work, organizers should ask questions like “What did the organization achieve in this time?” “How many diabetic patients were helped?” and “What challenges actually helped the program work better?” Dineen-Griffin et al. (2019) suggest that healthcare groups can hire someone from outside or use their own staff to check how well their systems work and plan for the future. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) DAC has six criteria for evaluation: relevance, soundness, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability, and two principles to use them (Alcayna and O’Donnell, 2022).

According to the interview, West Virginia College hospitals use different ways to give Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) to diabetic patients. They use a patient-centered way of talking and deal with cultural problems in care. To make sure the care team and patients work well together, the care follows the Chronic Care Model (Timpel et al., 2020).

Healthcare professionals can talk with the care team, patients, and communities in different ways, like groups, meetings, campaigns, and surveys (Gehlert et al., 2019). Patient outcomes can get better when complex health info is talked about in a good way to different patients. For example, it’s better to explain to diabetic patients why keeping their blood sugar level right is so important to stop problems like amputation and nerve or kidney issues, instead of just telling them what the level should be. By knowing more about people with low health knowledge, the problems of talking to people at risk, and the best ways to help, healthcare workers can make a plan to make health education better.

Benefits of Adhering to National CLAS Standards

The National CLAS Standards provide a structured approach for delivering healthcare services that honor patients’ preferences and communication needs, ensuring cultural and linguistic appropriateness. By adhering to these standards, healthcare providers can enhance their ability to operate effectively in diverse environments, which in turn helps in reducing healthcare disparities and promoting health equity. These standards facilitate healthcare professionals in learning from patients with diverse perspectives and beliefs, fostering openness to their thoughts and creating connections with their backgrounds (Annalee A, 2022).

On the other hand, epidemiological principles serve as the foundation for disease surveillance and analysis conducted by public health experts. These principles concentrate on understanding the root causes of public health issues and diseases, as well as identifying the most effective treatments, interventions, and solutions. Epidemiologists utilize research and statistical analysis to track diseases and forecast their impact on the population. They also utilize demographic characteristics such as age, economic status, gender, and race/ethnicity to identify groups at risk for specific health outcomes.

The main objective of epidemiology is to describe the occurrence of diseases and recognize disparities in disease occurrence across different groups. To assess the burden of diseases, epidemiologists rely on specific terms such as frequency, expected impact, and survival measures (Harvard Medical School, 2022).

Organization’s Strengths in Addressing National CLAS Standards

The dedication of West Virginia College Hospital to implementing and following the National CLAS Standards has resulted in significant strides in addressing healthcare disparities and meeting the needs of vulnerable populations, such as the African American community. Achieving success in implementing these standards requires strong commitment from the organization. The National CLAS Standards have played a role in increasing awareness about the importance of providing culturally and linguistically appropriate services (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2022). By serving as a model for other healthcare institutions, the National CLAS Standards aim to promote clinical prevention and reduce healthcare disparities.

The gap between recommended healthcare practices and the actual care provided to patients is referred to as a healthcare gap. When healthcare providers fail to adhere to key aspects of the CLAS standards, such as treating all patients equally, respecting patients’ cultural health beliefs, or addressing language barriers, gaps in meeting the standards may arise. Medical errors and a lack of transparency can also contribute to these gaps. Both patients and payers, such as self-insured employers, face quality issues when care gaps exist (Yip et al., 2019). Understanding cultural competence allows for a deeper appreciation of how identity, culture, and education influence the way diverse populations in West Virginia perceive, accept, and make informed decisions based on reliable health information.

Challenges of Organization in Addressing National CLAS Standards

Implementing the National CLAS Standards poses several challenges for organizations. One challenge is the need for extra resources and guidance to understand and apply the standards effectively. Failing to implement these standards can result in negative outcomes for patients and financial burdens due to errors that the standards could prevent. Inconsistencies in accountability measures and communication problems within healthcare organizations can also hinder effective implementation of the National CLAS Standards, as noted in a study by Isoherranen et al. (2019). Additionally, if nursing staff are not proficient in the local language, they may face significant communication barriers when interacting with local patients.

Lack of resources can also pose difficulties for organizations in accurately assessing and meeting the standards. Recruiting skilled professionals, collecting data on different racial groups, and providing training to existing staff incur additional costs for the organization (Think Cultural Health, n.d.). Furthermore, limited access to primary healthcare services in rural areas can further impede efforts to address the National CLAS Standards.

Organization’s Strategies, Strengths, and Weaknesses

In healthcare, effective communication is vital for patient well-being. At West Virginia College Hospital, efforts are made to empower staff to communicate openly and make necessary adjustments to meet CLAS standards, ensuring clear and accurate information exchange. Staff actively listen to patients, enhancing communication by creating internal communication strategies, as suggested by Rangachari and Woods (2020), who emphasize the importance of face-to-face interactions in patient-provider communication.

Irrespective of patients’ backgrounds, the hospital staff values their input, recognizing the significance of integrating patient preferences into treatment decisions. This inclusive approach distinguishes the organization, as staff members understand and respect diverse cultural perspectives, tailoring patient inquiries and treatment plans accordingly. Embracing diversity in healthcare fosters cultural competence among providers, aligning with the CLAS standards (Spitzer-Shohat & Chin, 2019).

Gomez and Bernet (2019) highlight additional strategies employed at WVU Hospital, such as embracing diverse cultures and using precise language, which can present constructive challenges.

However, a weakness lies in the retooling process, as new staff may require additional training to use current tools and equipment, posing a financial burden. Despite this, WVU Hospital seizes the opportunity to educate healthcare workers on cutting-edge medical technology, introducing new services to enhance healthcare delivery.

Conclusion

In conclusion, identifying healthcare needs through various strategies facilitates the prioritization of resources, addressing healthcare disparities, and enhancing healthcare delivery. This process fosters collaboration and creativity while engaging the target audience in meaningful ways. Furthermore, interviews with healthcare professionals like Dr. Swamp offer invaluable insights into addressing healthcare needs and promoting equity. Prioritizing cultural competence, effective communication, and adherence to National CLAS Standards are pivotal in bridging disparities and improving patient outcomes. Through these concerted efforts, healthcare organizations can strive towards achieving health equity and ensuring better healthcare access and outcomes for all.

References

Alcayna, T., & O’Donnell, D. (2022). How much global climate adaptation finance is targeting the health sector? European Journal of Public Health, 32(Supplement_3). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.146

Annalee A., M. (2022). A culturally competent patient care: A review of the CLAS standards. International Archives of Public Health and Community Medicine, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4512/1710077

Aron, D. C. (2019). The complexity of context. Complex systems in medicine, 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24593-1_9

Barksdale, C. L., Rodick, W. H., Hopson, R., Kenyon, J., Green, K., & Jacobs, C. G. (2016). Literature review of the national CLAS standards: Policy and practical implications in reducing health disparities. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 4(4), 632–647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-016-0267-3

Dineen-Griffin, S., Garcia-Cardenas, V., Williams, K., & Benrimoj, S. I. (2019). Helping patients help themselves: A systematic review of self-management support strategies in primary health care practice. PLOS ONE, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220116

Gehlert, S., Choi, S. K., & Friedman, D. B. (2019). Communication in health care. Handbook of health social work, 249–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119420743.ch12

Gomez, L. E., & Bernet, P. (2019). Diversity improves performance and outcomes. Journal of the National Medical Association, 111(4), 383–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2019.01.006

Harvard Medical School (2022). Using epidemiological tools to evaluate human disease. Postgraduateeducation.hms.harvard.edu. https://postgraduateeducation.hms.harvard.edu/trends-medicine/using-epidemiological-tools-evaluate-human-disease

Hegazy, M., Elsayed, N. M., Ali, H. M., Hassan, H. G., & Rashed, L. (2019). Diabetes Mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and conjugated linoleic acid (Omega 6): What Is the Link? Journal of Diabetes Research, 2019, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5267025

Isoherranen, K., O’Brien, J. J., Barker, J., Dissemond, J., Hafner, J., Jemec, G. B. E., Kamarachev, J., Läuchli, S., Montero, E. C., Nobbe, S., Sunderkötter, C., & Velasco, M. L. (2019). Atypical wounds: Best clinical practice and challenges. Journal of Wound Care, 28(Sup6), S1–S92. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.sup6.s1

Minority Health (n.d). CLAS, cultural competency, and cultural humility. https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/Assets/PDF/TCH%20Resource%20Library_CLAS%20CLC%20CH.pdf

NHS England and NHS Improvement. (2021). Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) Cycles and the Model for Improvement Online Library of Quality, Service Improvement and Redesign Tools NHS England and NHS Improvement. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/qsir-pdsa-cycles-model-for-improvement.pdf

Rangachari, P., & L. Woods, J. (2020). Preserving organizational resilience, patient safety, and staff retention during COVID-19 requires a holistic consideration of the psychological safety of healthcare workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4267. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124267

Spitzer-Shohat, S., & Chin, M. H. (2019). The “Waze” of inequity reduction frameworks for organizations: a scoping review. Journal of general internal medicine, 34(4), 604–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-04829-7

Think Cultural Health. (n.d.). Summary of key findings. https://thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/assets/pdfs/clas-ncs-evaluation-project.pdf

Timpel, P., Lang, C., Wens, J., Contel, J. C., Schwarz, P. E. H., & CARE study group, On behalf of the M. (2020). The Manage Care Model – Developing an evidence-based and expert-driven chronic care management model for patients with diabetes. International Journal of Integrated Care, 20(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.4646

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2022). CLAS Standards. Think Cultural Health. https://thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/clas/standards

West Virginia University. (n.d.). Chancellor | Health Sciences | Vp.hsc.wvu.edu. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://vp.hsc.wvu.edu/

Yip, W., Fu, H., Chen, A. T., Zhai, T., Jian, W., Xu, R., Pan, J., Hu, M., Zhou, Z., Chen, Q., Mao, W., Sun, Q., & Chen, W. (2019). 10 years of health-care reform in China: progress and gaps in Universal Health Coverage. The Lancet, 394(10204), 1192–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32136-1

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NURS FPX 8014 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development Notes Assignment

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3: Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development Notes

Assignment Brief: Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development

Course: NURS-FPX8014 Global Population Health

Assignment Title: Assessment 3: Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development Notes Assignment

Assignment Instructions Overview:

In this assignment, you will delve into the realm of global health strategic planning and policy development. You will synthesize information from various sources to create comprehensive notes aimed at guiding future initiatives in addressing pressing health issues on a global scale.

The Student’s Role:

As a student undertaking this assignment, your role is to adopt a broad perspective on global health issues. You will act as a strategic planner and policy advisor, synthesizing information to provide valuable insights and recommendations for improving health outcomes on a global scale.

Your approach should be analytical and evidence-based, drawing on the latest research findings, expert opinions, and established best practices in the field of global health.

By completing this assignment, you will not only demonstrate your understanding of key concepts in global health strategic planning and policy development but also showcase your ability to think critically and propose innovative solutions to complex health challenges facing populations worldwide.

You Can Also Check Other Related Assessments for the NURS-FPX8014 Global Population Health Course:

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 1 Nongovernmental Agency Involved in Global Issues Example

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 2 Global Issue Problem Description Example

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development Notes Example

Slide 1: Title

Title: Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development

Subtitle: Addressing the Diabetes Epidemic

Speaker Notes: “Greetings everyone! This is Jamiah. I appreciate the opportunity to discuss the critical issue of leading global health strategic planning and policy development, particularly focusing on the diabetes epidemic. Today, we delve into the global efforts, specific initiatives by renowned health organizations, and the importance of cultural sensitivity in combating diabetes.”

Slide 2: Introduction

Overview of Diabetes as a Global Health Concern

• Diabetes affects 463 million adults globally, with projections rising to 578 million by 2030 (Saeedi et al., 2019).

Impact on Mortality and Health Complications

• Impact extends beyond mortality, contributing to cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, blindness, heart attacks, and stroke.

Speaker Notes: “Understanding the scope of the diabetes epidemic is crucial. Diabetes is a pressing global health concern, affecting 463 million adults worldwide, with projections expecting a rise to 578 million by 2030 (Saeedi et al., 2019). Its impact extends beyond mortality, contributing to complications such as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, blindness, heart attacks, and stroke. Today, we explore the collaborative efforts to tackle this global challenge.”

Slide 3: Global Initiatives

WHO, CDC, and NHMRC Efforts

• WHO’s Global Action Plan aims to reduce early deaths by 25% by 2025.
• CDC’s National Diabetes Prevention Program focuses on lifestyle changes.
• NHMRC’s Australian National Diabetes Strategy outlines the country’s approach.

Collaboration for Comprehensive Strategies

• WHO and IDF’s Diabetes and COVID-19 task force.

Speaker Notes: “To combat this crisis, global health organizations like WHO, CDC, and NHMRC have initiated comprehensive efforts. The WHO’s Global Action Plan aims to reduce early deaths from non-communicable diseases, including diabetes, by 25% by 2025. Collaboration is key, as seen in the IDF’s Diabetes and COVID-19 task force, advocating for equitable access to care (World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2022).”

Slide 4: Rationale for NASN Presentation

Critical Role of School Nurses in Diabetes Management

• School nurses play a crucial role in identifying and managing diabetes in schools.

Importance of Culturally Sensitive Strategies

• Culturally sensitive strategies enhance effectiveness and inclusivity.

Speaker Notes: “Now, why present to NASN? School nurses play a crucial role in managing diabetes in schools. Recognizing this, I’ve tailored strategies and policies to be culturally sensitive. This includes extensive research, expert consultations, and consideration of cultural contexts to ensure inclusivity (Largent, 2021).”

Slide 5: Culturally Sensitive Strategies

Four Potential Strategies

• Culturally Sensitive Education Programs: Tailored programs for diverse cultures.
• Community-Based Interventions: Leveraging peer support groups with cultural relevance.
• Affordable Access to Diabetes Medications: Policies for accessible medication supplies.
• Food Policy Changes: Promoting healthy eating habits and culturally relevant foods.

Emphasis on Cultural Sensitivity and Relevance

• Ensuring information is relevant and accessible.

Speaker Notes: “Moving into strategies, four key approaches stand out. Culturally sensitive education programs, community-based interventions, affordable access to diabetes medications, and food policy changes. Each underscores the importance of cultural relevance and accessibility in combating diabetes (Brooks et al., 2019).”

Slide 6: Sustainable Resources & Policy Development

Proposal Overview

• Advocacy for Sustainable Resources and Policy Development
  • Description: The proposal focuses on advocating for sustainable resources and policy development to address diabetes prevention and management.
  • Goal: To align with NASN’s mission and goals and contribute to improving health outcomes for students through sustainable initiatives.
  • Emphasis: Highlighting the importance of investments in resources and policies that support diabetes prevention and management.

Alignment with NASN Mission and Goals

• Improving Health Outcomes for Students through Sustainable Resources
  • Description: The proposal emphasizes the alignment with NASN’s mission and goals, which prioritize the health and well-being of students.
  • Objective: To improve health outcomes for students by advocating for sustainable resources and policies that promote healthy living and diabetes management.
  • Relevance: By focusing on sustainable initiatives, the proposal aims to create long-term solutions that benefit students’ health and well-being.

Speaker Notes: “The proposal emphasizes the importance of sustainable resources and policy development, aligning seamlessly with NASN’s mission and goals. By advocating for investments that support diabetes prevention and management, we aim to foster a healthier environment for students (Bergren, 2022). This approach not only addresses the immediate needs of students with diabetes but also contributes to creating a supportive and sustainable framework for promoting health and wellness in schools.”

Slide 7: Examples of Established Policies (USA and Mauritius)

NDPP, ACA, NDEP (USA)

• National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP)
  • Description: A program established in 2010 to address the growing diabetes epidemic in the United States.
  • Goal: Promote lifestyle modifications such as regular physical activity and healthy diet to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
  • Success: Studies have shown that participants in the NDPP have reduced their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58%.
• Affordable Care Act (ACA)
  • Description: Comprehensive healthcare legislation passed in 2010 with provisions aimed at improving access to diabetes care and treatment.
  • Inclusions: Requires health insurance plans to cover preventive services, including diabetes screening and education, at no additional cost to patients.
  • Impact: Increased access to diabetes care and treatment, reduced healthcare disparities, and improved health outcomes for individuals with diabetes.
• National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP)
  • Description: Established in 1997 to enhance diabetes education and awareness among healthcare providers and the general public.
  • Objectives: Provide resources and tools to help individuals with diabetes better manage their condition and prevent complications.
  • Success: Improved diabetes education and awareness have led to better self-management and reduced rates of diabetes-related hospitalizations and amputations.

NSFD, Sugar Tax, Diabetes Registry (Mauritius)

• National Service Framework for Diabetes (NSFD)
  • Description: A strategy developed by Mauritian health authorities to improve the care and management of diabetes nationwide.
  • Components: Guidelines for best practices in diabetes care, including screening, clinical management, education, and support for patients and healthcare professionals.
  • Goal: Provide a consistent and coordinated approach to preventing, diagnosing, and treating diabetes across Mauritius.
• Sugar Tax
  • Description: Implemented in 2019 to deter the consumption of sugary drinks and snacks and reduce the risk of diabetes and other non-communicable diseases.
  • Impact: Reduced sugar intake, improved public health outcomes, and increased revenue for government initiatives aimed at addressing diabetes and related conditions.
• Diabetes Registry
  • Description: Established by the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in 2005 to monitor and track diabetes prevalence, incidence rates, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.
  • Benefits: Improved disease surveillance and management, better resource allocation, and increased research opportunities to understand and address the diabetes epidemic in Mauritius.

Speaker Notes: “When examining established policies, one can identify effective and successful strategies in diabetes prevention and management (Kirkman et al., 2019; Toofanee et al., 2022). In the USA, notable policies include the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP), Affordable Care Act (ACA), and National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP). These initiatives have significantly contributed to improving access to diabetes care, promoting preventive services, and enhancing diabetes education and awareness. Similarly, in Mauritius, policies such as the National Service Framework for Diabetes (NSFD), Sugar Tax, and Diabetes Registry have been implemented to address the diabetes epidemic (Grummon et al., 2019; Ritchie et al., 2020). These policies reflect a comprehensive approach to diabetes prevention, management, and surveillance, demonstrating the importance of coordinated efforts at the national level.”

Slide 8: Investment in Sustainable Resources & Policy Development

Significance and Alignment with Global Organizations

• Alignment with WHO’s Goals
  • Promoting Healthier Lifestyles: Investing in sustainable resources, such as access to nutritious food, clean water, and safe environments for physical activity, aligns with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) objectives of promoting healthier lifestyles and preventing non-communicable diseases like diabetes.
  • Reducing Diabetes Risk: Sustainable resource investment supports WHO’s efforts to reduce the global burden of diabetes by addressing underlying risk factors such as poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and environmental factors.

Promoting Healthy Lifestyles and Reducing Diabetes Risk

• Importance of Policy Development
  • Preventing Chronic Diseases: Policies that support healthier living, such as promoting nutritious diets, encouraging physical activity, and creating supportive environments, are essential for preventing chronic diseases like diabetes.
  • Long-Term Health Impact: Investing in policies that promote healthy lifestyles can have a significant long-term impact on reducing the incidence of diabetes and its associated complications, thereby improving overall health outcomes and quality of life.

Speaker Notes: “Investing in sustainable resources and policy development is not only significant but also aligns with the missions of global organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO). These organizations aim to promote healthier lifestyles, reduce diabetes risk, and improve overall health outcomes on a global scale (Santos et al., 2021). By prioritizing policies that support healthier living and sustainable resource allocation, we can effectively address the root causes of chronic diseases like diabetes and pave the way for a healthier future.”

Slide 9: Moving Forward in Professional Practice

Staying Informed

• Commitment to Continuous Learning: Healthcare professionals must stay updated on the latest advancements, research findings, and best practices in diabetes prevention and management.
• Continuing Education: Participating in workshops, conferences, and online courses to enhance knowledge and skills related to diabetes care.
• Keeping Abreast of Technology: Embracing technological innovations and digital tools that facilitate diabetes management, such as glucose monitoring devices and telemedicine platforms.
• Accessing Reliable Resources: Relying on reputable sources of information, including peer-reviewed journals, clinical guidelines, and professional associations.

Increasing Collaboration

• Interdisciplinary Approach: Engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations with healthcare providers, educators, policymakers, and community organizations to develop comprehensive strategies for diabetes prevention and management.
• Team-Based Care: Fostering teamwork and communication among healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated and holistic care for individuals with diabetes.
• Community Engagement: Partnering with local communities and stakeholders to implement community-based interventions and initiatives that promote healthy lifestyles and support diabetes prevention efforts.
• Sharing Best Practices: Sharing successes, challenges, and best practices with colleagues and peers to learn from each other’s experiences and improve diabetes care delivery.

Addressing Inequalities

• Health Equity: Advocating for equitable access to healthcare services, resources, and support for all individuals, regardless of socio-economic status, race, ethnicity, or geographic location.
• Cultural Competence: Developing cultural competence and sensitivity in diabetes care delivery to effectively meet the diverse needs and preferences of patients from different cultural backgrounds.
• Reducing Disparities: Identifying and addressing disparities in diabetes prevalence, outcomes, and access to care among underserved and marginalized populations.
• Advocacy for Policy Change: Engaging in advocacy efforts to influence policy changes that address systemic barriers to diabetes prevention and management, such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure and funding disparities.

Speaker Notes: “Moving forward in professional practice requires a multifaceted approach. Firstly, staying informed is crucial, encompassing continuous learning, embracing technology, and accessing reliable resources to stay updated on the latest developments in diabetes care. Secondly, increasing collaboration is essential, involving interdisciplinary teamwork, community engagement, and sharing best practices. Lastly, addressing healthcare inequalities is paramount, focusing on health equity, cultural competence, reducing disparities, and advocating for policy change. By committing to continuous learning, collaboration, and addressing inequalities, we can advance diabetes prevention and management efforts effectively (Brooks et al., 2019).”

Slide 10: Summary and Conclusion

Recap of Diabetes as a Global Challenge

• 463 million adults affected globally, necessitating urgent attention.

Call to Action for Comprehensive Strategies

• Emphasis on collaboration, evidence-based policies, and cultural sensitivity.

Speaker Notes: “As we conclude, diabetes is a global challenge demanding urgent attention. Remember the key takeaways – the importance of raising awareness, empowering individuals, fostering collaboration, and advocating for policies and resources. Together, we can make a meaningful impact on the diabetes epidemic and contribute to a healthier, more sustainable future for all.”

Slide 11: Thank You

Appreciation for Engagement and Commitment

• Thanking everyone for their attention and commitment to addressing global health challenges.

Invitation for Questions and Discussions

• Welcoming any questions or discussions from the audience.

Speaker Notes: “A heartfelt thank you for your engagement and commitment to addressing global health challenges. I welcome any questions or discussions you may have. Let’s continue working together for a healthier world.”

References

Bergren, M. D. (2022). Shine a light on school nurses. The Journal of School Nursing, 38(4), 325–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405221099145

Brooks, L. A., Manias, E., & Bloomer, M. J. (2019). Culturally sensitive communication in healthcare: A concept analysis. Collegian, 26(3), 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.09.007

Chung, W. K., Erion, K., Florez, J. C., Hattersley, A. T., Hivert, M.-F., Lee, C. G., McCarthy, M. I., Nolan, J. J., Norris, J. M., Pearson, E. R., Philipson, L., McElvaine, A. T., Cefalu, W. T., Rich, S. S., & Franks, P. W. (2020). Precision medicine in diabetes: A consensus report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1617–1635. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0022

Curran, K., Piyasena, P., Congdon, N., Duke, L., Malanda, B., & Peto, T. (2023). Inclusion of diabetic retinopathy screening strategies in national-level diabetes care planning in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Health Research Policy and Systems, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00940-0

Galindo, R., Parkin, C. G., Aleppo, G., Carlson, A., Kruger, D., Levy, C., Umpierrez, G., & McGill, J. B. (2021). What’s wrong with this picture? A critical review of current CMS coverage criteria for CGM. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2021.0107

Grummon, A. H., Lockwood, B. B., Taubinsky, D., & Allcott, H. (2019). Designing better sugary drink taxes. Science, 365(6457), 989–990. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav5199

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NURS FPX 8014 Nongovernmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues Essay Example

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 1 Nongovernmental Agency Involved in Global Issues

Assignment Brief: NURS FPX 8014 – Nongovernmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues Assignment

Course: NURS-FPX8014 Global Population Health

Assignment Title: Assessment 1 Nongovernmental Agency Involved in Global Issues

Assignment Instructions Overview:

In this assignment, students are tasked with comprehensively exploring the role, challenges, and contributions of non-governmental agencies (NGOs) involved in global health issues. The focus is on understanding the distinctions between NGOs and government-sponsored public health organizations, shedding light on their unique dynamics, advantages, and obstacles. Additionally, students are required to conduct an interview with a public health leader to gain practical insights into the collaborative nature required to address global health challenges effectively.

The Student’s Role:

As a student, your role is to conduct in-depth research, ensuring a thorough understanding of the explicit differences between NGOs and government-sponsored organizations in the realm of global health. Engage critically with the advantages and challenges faced by NGOs, drawing insights from real-world interviews. Additionally, explore how NGOs gather and utilize data to meet specific criteria, and conclude by summarizing the essential contributions of NGOs in the interconnected web of global health.

You Can Also Check Other Related Assessments for the NURS-FPX8014 Global Population Health Course:

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 2 Global Issue Problem Description Example

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3: Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development Notes Example

NURS FPX 8014 Nongovernmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues Essay Example

Introduction

In recent times, the world has become more interconnected, emphasizing the importance of global collaboration in advancing healthcare. Both Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and governmental bodies play a crucial role in addressing global health challenges. Their joint efforts aim to tackle issues related to sickness and health within communities. The distribution of healthcare resources and the overall health of populations serve as key indicators of societal progress, irrespective of economic wealth (World Health Organization [WHO], 2022). Collaborative initiatives between governmental agencies and NGOs have been established to address healthcare disparities on a global scale (GrantSpace, n.d.). For nursing students, understanding the partnerships and impacts of these organizations on global health is essential. This paper focuses on the roles of NGOs and governmental organizations in the context of global health, highlighting the advantages that NGOs possess over government-run agencies. It also explores the challenges faced by both types of organizations, shedding light on the criteria influencing NGOs’ focus on specific health concerns. Additionally, the paper examines the funding dynamics and draws insights from a public health officer to understand recent problems and their resolution within the affiliated organization.

Differentiating Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) from Governmental Public Health Organizations

In understanding the landscape of global health, it is imperative to draw a clear distinction between Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and governmental public health organizations. These entities play unique roles in promoting health equity, access to care, and addressing health disparities worldwide.

NGOs, such as Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), are non-profit organizations devoted to advancing health equity and universal access to care. This mission is achieved through numerous approaches such as advocacy, health literacy promotion, and the prevention of diseases by enhancing health outcomes and fostering social justice (Sisaye et al., 2021). Unlike governmental bodies, NGOs operate independently and are not directed, controlled, or affiliated with any specific government (GrantSpace, n.d.). Typically, NGOs are established to address specific health issues globally, aiming to positively impact health disparities (Sisaye et al., 2021).

NGOs exhibit diversity in their structure, being either operational or campaigning entities. Operational NGOs, like Helen Keller International, directly bring about change by implementing projects addressing public service needs. Their focus spans poverty alleviation, health and welfare programs, education, and environmental concerns, ultimately serving a particular cause. On the other hand, campaigning NGOs, which include Humanitarian NGOs, strive to influence political change, particularly in healthcare infrastructures (Sanadgol et al., 2021). The evolution of campaigning NGOs reflects a shift towards humanitarian approaches, emphasizing assistance and empowerment over scare tactics (GrantSpace, n.d). Financially, NGOs mainly sustain their operations through diverse means, including membership fees, grants, cooperative agreements, and government contracts. This approach ensures flexibility and independence in their activities.

In contrast, governmental public health organizations are integral parts of the government machinery, designed to serve and protect public health. Their core functions involve health assessment, policy development, and assurance. This encompasses monitoring health status, solving community health problems, diagnosing and investigating health issues, and developing policies through community education and empowerment. These organizations also enforce laws and regulations to safeguard health, ensuring safety and continuous monitoring of public health programs.

NGOs in public health do not engage in direct competition with non-profit organizations. Despite the potential receipt of government financing, NGOs remain non-profit entities, avoiding governmental control. Their global operations provide unique advantages to public health efforts (Sisaye et al., 2021). In contrast, governmental public health organizations, being state-run institutions, primarily focus on setting healthcare policies, regulatory monitoring, implementing public health initiatives, and gathering authorized government health statistics.

While NGOs and governmental organizations may both receive government financing, they operate differently. NGOs, despite obtaining government funding, remain non-profit entities, maintaining autonomy in their operations. This allows them to function globally and provide unique contributions to public health. Nevertheless, NGOs primarily receive donations from private entities, contributing to economic growth, medical research, and educational advancements. These donations encompass grants, annual membership fees, income from services and commodities, cooperative agreements, and government contracts. Conversely, government-sponsored programs seek state cash prizes through a challenging and competitive process. The legislative framework determines the distribution of government cash, requiring applicants to articulate the public and local community benefits before funding approval. NGOs, in contrast, streamline aid requests, ensuring a more straightforward process to promptly assist those in need.

Advantages of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Global Health

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in global health, offering distinct advantages over Governmental Public Health Organizations. These advantages contribute to their effectiveness and efficiency in addressing healthcare needs on a global scale (Sandagol et al., 2021).

NGOs, often viewed as alternative healthcare providers, share similar goals with governmental organizations, working towards the betterment of public health (Sayaiford et al., 2022). Notably, NGOs exhibit fewer financial constraints and less bureaucratic backlog than their governmental counterparts. This financial flexibility allows NGOs to swiftly deliver healthcare services to populations within a country, particularly in low-income areas, addressing challenges such as financial hardships, food insecurities, and inequitable resource distribution.

One of the key strengths of NGOs lies in their ability to focus on specific local areas rather than an entire nation. This targeted approach enables NGOs to tailor their activities to the immediate needs of distinct global populations. In contrast, government-sponsored public health programs are dependent on a country’s resources and revenue, often facing financial constraints that result in program cuts. Governmental agencies may encounter challenges due to extensive regulatory practices, leading to reduced productivity.

Governmental initiatives, by nature, are broad in scope, distributing funds across multiple areas simultaneously. This approach can contribute to unequal funding distribution and pockets of ineffective programs. Despite having robust data collection tools, government programs face challenges in terms of agility and responsiveness to emergent public health issues.

Public health NGOs, in comparison, offer several noteworthy benefits. Their agility allows them to respond swiftly to emerging health challenges. By focusing on specific areas of public health concern, NGOs can concentrate on targeted issues without being burdened by broader responsibilities (Sisaye, 2021). This specialization enables NGOs to provide unique and specialized solutions, testing innovative strategies before implementation in official initiatives. Additionally, public health NGOs often establish stronger connections with communities, fostering community involvement in public health initiatives. This community engagement enhances the effectiveness and sustainability of public health efforts.

Furthermore, public health NGOs enjoy greater creative latitude compared to government-sponsored initiatives. They can explore innovative approaches and leverage philanthropic funding, which complements government financing. This financial flexibility allows NGOs to access diverse funding sources, contributing to their adaptability and impact in the realm of global health.

Challenges Encountered by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Global Public Health

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) engaged in public health initiatives face distinctive challenges in contrast to government-sponsored programs. Addressing these hurdles is crucial for the effective functioning of public health NGOs (Sisaye, 2021).

One primary obstacle revolves around financial aspects. Unlike government initiatives funded through taxes, public health NGOs must actively secure diverse funding sources. This necessity introduces a complex dynamic where NGOs are accountable to the entities providing their finances. Additionally, NGOs lack the legal authority that government programs possess to enforce regulations compelling citizen participation, adding another layer of complexity (Sisaye, 2021).

The stability of governments compared to individual NGOs becomes apparent in the face of challenges. NGOs are susceptible to fluctuations in donor support or the influence of individuals seeking to exploit funds for political motives. Consequently, NGOs often find themselves navigating the intricate landscape of politics and its unpredictable nature.

Public health NGOs typically operate with fewer staff members and limited financial resources compared to their government-sponsored counterparts. This resource constraint may impact their ability to effectively reach and engage the populations they serve (Sisaye, 2021). Moreover, these NGOs frequently operate in challenging and potentially hostile environments, posing additional difficulties in performing their roles optimally.

Preserving transparency and preventing the misallocation of funds emerges as another significant challenge for many NGOs due to the absence of robust monitoring and accountability mechanisms. This lack of oversight can lead to potential misuse of funds, highlighting the importance of addressing this aspect for the integrity of public health NGOs.

Data Sufficiency for Non-Governmental Agencies Addressing Global Issues

Certain Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) choose to specialize in specific areas like health, education, or women’s rights, while others focus on particular regions or populations. The decision-making process for an NGO to concentrate on a specific area is guided by the identified needs of the community they aim to assist (WHO, 2021). Various factors, such as the cause, disease, or population the NGO intends to support, play a role in shaping their activities (Sanadgol et al., 2021).

In countries with limited access to healthcare, especially in developing or low-income nations, the potential impact on the local population becomes a significant criterion for NGO involvement (Sanadgol et al., 2021). The nature of a healthcare issue influences how an NGO engages with it (Sandgol et al., 2021). Additionally, the method through which donations are obtained can also influence the decision to get involved. Financial contributions to an affected community are crucial in the determination to bring about positive change (Sisaye et al., 2021).

NGOs often seek assistance by formally applying for aid, acting as representatives of the affected population (GrantSpace, n.d.). This involves a structured request from the NGO to the government or another NGO on behalf of the affected community (Sisaye et al., 2021). The success of such applications may hinge on various factors, including the manner in which they were submitted and the specific demographics affected by the disease or condition (Sisaye et al., 2021).

The criteria employed by most NGOs to address healthcare needs are contingent on the global concern and its impact on the lives of the intended beneficiaries. Ultimately, the primary goal of an NGO is to assist those in need and enhance their overall quality of life.

Interviewing Experience

In my pursuit of an interview with a leader from a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) or another public health official, I encountered several hurdles. Initially, my plan was to arrange an interview to gather firsthand information about an NGO, focusing on aspects like challenges, finances (if available), the organization’s primary cause, and its current engagements. However, my efforts faced setbacks as the two individuals I considered for the interview were unavailable. One suggested a meeting in two weeks via WhatsApp, and my preference was for a conversation with an NGO spokesperson serving a remote population with health challenges.

Despite my anticipation of an exciting encounter, my ideal experience did not materialize as expected. The promising leads I had envisioned did not pan out, leading to gaps in my research. I had already delved into potential concerns related to the specialized areas of these organizations, aiming to gain insights into the counties they served, the success of their campaigns, and potential projects to enhance their activities. Unfortunately, I could not explore specific details such as finances and their impact on the organization due to the unavailability of the intended interviewees.

However, my interview with a Public Health leader from Baltimore County proved to be invaluable. The leader emphasized the significance of collaboration between Public Health NGOs and Governmental Organizations. He highlighted the dwindling budgets in public healthcare and emphasized the renewed importance of Public Health, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This global health crisis shifted the focus of public health organizations at various levels, underlining the critical role these entities play in safeguarding population health.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this assessment provides a comprehensive exploration of the complex space occupied by public health NGOs, looking into their history, financial aspects, strengths, and challenges. By comparing these organizations with government-sponsored programs, we gain valuable insights into the unique contributions and hurdles faced by NGOs in the pursuit of global health goals. The interview experience, despite encountering challenges, emphasizes the indispensable need for collaboration in effectively addressing global health issues. In essence, this exploration significantly contributes to fostering an enhanced awareness of the indispensable role played by NGOs within the interconnected framework of global health.

Detailed Assessment Instructions for the NURS FPX 8014 Nongovernmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues Essay Example

Description

The Institute of Medicine (1997, p. v) characterized the connection the United States has to global health in these words:

America has a vital and direct stake in the health of people around the globe, and that this interest derives from both America’s long and enduring tradition of humanitarian concern and compelling reasons of enlightened self-interest. Our considered involvement can serve to protect our citizens, enhance our economy, and advance U.S. interests abroad.

The health care community is recognizing that addressing health and disease issues must take place within a larger context—a global context. The health issues of developed and undeveloped countries are converging. The World Health Organization (2018) noted that the “development of a society, rich or poor, can be judged by the quality of its population’s health, how fairly health is distributed across the social spectrum, and the degree of protection provided from disadvantage as a result of ill-health” (“The Commission Calls,” para. 3).

REFERENCES

Institute of Medicine. (1997). America’s vital interest in global health: Protecting our people, enhancing our economy, and advancing our international interests. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5717

World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241…

ASSESSMENT SUMMARY

Multiple government-funded agencies work worldwide to have a positive effect on health disparities across the globe. It is important for doctoral-prepared nurses to be aware of nongovernment funding organizations (NGOs) that are also affecting global health care issues.

NGOs originated with the formation of the United Nations in 1945. They are generally defined as nonprofit entities independent of governmental influence, although they may receive government funding. The term NGO is not typically applied to U.S.-based nonprofit organizations. Generally, the label is given to organizations operating on an international level, although some countries classify their own civil society groups as NGOs(GrantSpace, n.d.).

In this assessment, you are tasked with interviewing an individual from an NGO of interest that works in some way within the realm of public or global health. If you do not have such an organization that you are interested in, then it is acceptable to interview someone from your own organization who has a focus on public health and knowledge of working with NGOs. Remember that you should be looking for NGOs or population health considerations that are relevant to countries beyond just the United States.

ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS

Consider a health topic of your choice and investigate what current NGOs are doing on behalf of your chosen topic. (Keep in mind that the country you focus on in this course should not be the United States.) Remember, you need to make contact with your chosen NGO, or population health professional with knowledge of NGOs, and interview them. After your interview, evaluate the NGO, paying special attention to its ability (and potential willingness) to get help with your health topic of choice. For your assessment, make sure you are addressing the following:

• Differentiate public health NGOs from governmental public health organizations.
  • Provide a history of the selected organization.
  • Examine the financial health of the organization including how much money the organization has raised for the selected program.
    • Include current data related to money raised, money distributed, and the effect on the health initiative.
  • Identify countries where this organization has a presence.
  • Explain how stakeholders and members are selected or join the organization.
• Explain the advantages public health NGOs have over government-sponsored programs.
  • Compare NGOs to government-sponsored programs in terms of the following:
    • How donations are sought and obtained.
    • How funds are distributed.
    • How application for assistance is made.
• Summarize the challenges public health NGOs have in comparison with government-sponsored programs.
• Analyze the sufficiency of data available to meet the criteria that public health NGOs use to choose to get involved in a health issue.
  • Examine the determining criteria for this organization to get involved in a health issue.
    • Data used.
    • Scope or severity.
    • Degree of need.
  • Discuss how you would approach this agency for assistance.
• Explain how your research and interviewing experiences challenged or met your assumptions about public health organizations and delivery.
  • What surprised (or aligned with your expectations) about public health delivery?
  • What surprised (or aligned with your expectations) about NGOs versus government-sponsored programs?
  • How has this experience affected you?

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NURS FPX 4000 Applying Research Skills Capella Example Paper

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2: Applying Research Skills

Assignment Brief: NURS FPX 4000 Applying Research Skills Capella Example Paper

Course: NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective

Assignment Title: Assessment 2: Applying Research Skills: Annotated Bibliography and Summary

Overview:

In this assignment, you will delve into the critical aspect of healthcare access issues by researching and compiling an annotated bibliography and summary. Focused on a current healthcare problem or issue of your choosing, you will explore best practices and contribute to the ongoing dialogue within the healthcare sector. This assignment not only refines your research skills but also lays the groundwork for Assessment 3, where you will further build upon your findings.

Understanding Assignment Objectives:

This task necessitates selecting and thoroughly researching a contemporary healthcare problem or issue faced by a healthcare organization. By adhering to the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach, you will engage in critical thinking to comprehensively understand and address the chosen topic. The goal is to contribute evidence-based insights and recommendations to the broader field of healthcare.

The Student’s Role:

As the student, your role is to identify a health care problem or issue from the Assessment Topic Areas provided. You will then write a succinct overview of the chosen topic, including a personal reflection on your interest and any relevant professional experiences. Your task involves conducting a thorough search for scholarly, peer-reviewed literature using appropriate databases and keywords related to the selected healthcare problem. Subsequently, you will assess the credibility of the information sources, selecting four current scholarly articles that contribute to understanding and addressing the chosen issue.

The next step is to write an annotated bibliography following the APA format. Each annotation should summarize the purpose, main arguments, covered topics, and conclusions of the selected articles. In a separate section, you will summarize the key points learned from your research, emphasizing the contributions of the chosen sources to your understanding of the healthcare problem.

Assignment Brief: NURS FPX 4000 Applying Research Skills Capella Example Paper

Introduction

Healthcare systems globally face numerous challenges stemming from various obstacles that must be tackled to prevent adverse health outcomes. A significant hurdle in healthcare is limited accessibility. This subject holds my interest as ensuring adequate healthcare access for every individual is a crucial goal. Collaboration between healthcare providers, governmental bodies, and policymakers is essential to achieve positive outcomes in this regard. During my professional experiences in low-economic communities, I noted the absence of primary care facilities in many areas. The scarcity of qualified healthcare professionals, including doctors and nurses, exacerbates the vulnerability of people in rural regions to negative health consequences.

Utilizing Peer-Reviewed Articles to Address Limited Healthcare Access

Maintaining good health is crucial for a comprehensive and economically sound life. Achieving this requires essential access to quality healthcare facilities to prevent illnesses and lead a productive life. The World Health Organization recognizes healthcare as a fundamental human right, emphasizing the responsibility to ensure every citizen’s basic health rights (Zegeye et al., 2021). Inadequate healthcare access stems from factors like geographical locations, shortage of healthcare providers, transportation issues, and lack of awareness. These challenges contribute to poor health outcomes, heightened morbidity and mortality rates, and eventually lead to financial crises, particularly in developing countries (Dawkins et al., 2021). Globally, about 400 million individuals lack proper healthcare access, with approximately 8 million facing mortality due to untreated diseases, placing a significant economic burden of around $6 trillion.

The inclusion of these peer-reviewed articles is motivated by their explicit insights into the topic. The author identifies key factors contributing to limited healthcare access, paving the way for the development of effective strategies to ensure quality healthcare for all. These articles are recently published, ensuring that the information presented is current and up-to-date.

The selected articles, forming part of the annotated bibliography, are sourced from various databases, including Capella University’s Library, BioMed Central, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect. Efficient research is facilitated by using relevant keywords such as “limited access to healthcare,” “lack of availability of health facilities,” “healthcare access in low and middle-income countries,” “healthcare made available,” and “the importance of healthcare accessibility” (Zegeye et al., 2021; Dawkins et al., 2021).

Evaluating Credibility and Relevance of Resources

To determine the credibility and relevance of articles, the CRAAP test serves as a standard assessment tool. This test is designed to ensure the use of authentic and credible resources for describing and addressing healthcare issues (Lewis, 2018). CRAAP, representing Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose, is applied to assess sources for the annotated bibliography. Priority is given to relevance, emphasizing the identification of topic-related articles using specified keywords. Additionally, filters were applied to databases to include only articles from the past 5 years, maintaining credibility through up-to-date publications. Authors and publication journals were authenticated, and information was justified with reliable sources. The chosen articles were also assessed for their purpose, aligning with the topic of limited healthcare access.

Including these evidence-based and credible resources in the annotated bibliography aims to precisely describe the healthcare issue, identify obstacles, and assist readers in developing effective strategies for achieving positive health outcomes (Lewis, 2018).

Annotated Bibliography

Brusnahan, A., Carrasco-Tenezaca, M., Bates, B. R., Roche, R., & Grijalva, M. J. (2022). Identifying health care access barriers in southern rural Ecuador. International Journal for Equity in Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01660-1

The objective of this article is to introduce the Health Care Access Barrier (HCAB) Model, providing a framework to identify hindrances to healthcare access in southern rural Ecuador and develop effective solutions. The HCAB model categorizes barriers into three broad categories—financial, structural, and cognitive—further subdivided into themes. The research identifies various barriers affecting the people of Ecuador and proposes interventions such as establishing mobile clinics/primary care. Despite these recommendations, further research is suggested.

This article adheres to the CRAAP criteria, ensuring credibility. It meets the standards of currency (published in 2022), relevance (focused on identifying barriers to healthcare access), authority (authored by healthcare professionals, published in a peer-reviewed journal), accuracy (backed by relevant sources with explicit research findings), and purpose (raising awareness about a framework applicable worldwide for better barrier identification) (Brusnahan et al., 2022).

Coombs, N. C., Campbell, D. G., & Caringi, J. (2022). A qualitative study of rural healthcare providers’ views of social, cultural, and programmatic barriers to healthcare access. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07829-2

This cited article presents a study involving 12 healthcare providers from a rural U.S. area, sharing their perspectives on barriers to healthcare access. It highlights that limited healthcare access is a prevalent issue, particularly in underdeveloped regions. The identified reasons include a shortage of healthcare providers, cultural disparities, lack of resources, and fragmented communication. The study recommends vigilant monitoring of every aspect to enhance health outcomes for the rural population.

Published in 2022, this article is pertinent to the bibliography. Its authors and research participants are healthcare professionals, ensuring firsthand experiences and accuracy in the provided information. Given the profound issue of limited healthcare access in rural areas, awareness of these barriers becomes crucial for immediate and effective intervention (Coombs et al., 2022).

George, M. S., Davey, R., Mohanty, I., & Upton, P. (2020). “Everything is provided free, but they are still hesitant to access healthcare services”: Why does the indigenous community in Attapadi, Kerala continue to experience poor access to healthcare? International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01216-1

This article aims to uncover the reasons behind the persistent poor health outcomes among the people of Kerala, despite the provision of advanced healthcare facilities. Through an in-depth study, the authors conclude that enhancing healthcare access in these communities requires culturally tailored interventions, aligning with their traditions and lifestyles, and actively involving community members.

The article holds relevance as many communities globally encounter similar challenges, with limited healthcare access due to cultural and societal preferences. It provides valuable insights for healthcare providers to formulate culturally sensitive plans. The credibility of the article is affirmed by its recent publication date, the reputable journal it appears in, alignment with current healthcare trends, and a purpose that contributes meaningful insights to the field (George et al., 2020).

Learnings from this Assessment

Several insights have been gained from this evaluation:

Firstly, tackling any healthcare issue necessitates evidence-based research. This approach ensures a thorough examination of the topic and the discovery of relevant interventions for effective issue resolution.

Secondly, recognizing the credibility of resources is crucial. Utilizing a standard test helps ensure that all information used in crafting plans is not only credible but also reliable and pertinent to the addressed topic.

Engaging with various articles concerning limited healthcare access has enhanced my existing knowledge. This exposure has deepened my comprehension of the significance of healthcare access and the necessity of identifying barriers. This newfound understanding will prove beneficial in applying the acquired knowledge within the communities where I practice.

Conclusion

Addressing limited healthcare access requires a thorough understanding of barriers and evidence-based interventions. The annotated bibliography provides valuable insights into the versatile nature of the issue, offering frameworks and recommendations for improving healthcare accessibility globally. By identifying and addressing these challenges, healthcare systems can work towards achieving equitable and comprehensive healthcare for all.

References

Brusnahan, A., Carrasco-Tenezaca, M., Bates, B. R., Roche, R., & Grijalva, M. J. (2022). Identifying health care access barriers in southern rural Ecuador. International Journal for Equity in Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01660-1

Coombs, N. C., Campbell, D. G., & Caringi, J. (2022). A qualitative study of rural healthcare providers’ views of social, cultural, and programmatic barriers to healthcare access. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07829-2

Dawkins, B., Renwick, C., Ensor, T., Shinkins, B., Jayne, D., & Meads, D. (2021). What factors affect patients’ ability to access healthcare? An overview of systematic reviews. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 26(10), 1177–1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13651

George, M. S., Davey, R., Mohanty, I., & Upton, P. (2020). “Everything is provided free, but they are still hesitant to access healthcare services”: Why does the indigenous community in Attapadi, Kerala continue to experience poor access to healthcare? International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01216-1

Lewis, A. B. (2018). What does bad information look like? using the CRAAP test for evaluating substandard resources. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, (88). https://doi.org/10.29173/istl1724

Rollins, J. A. (2017). Healthcare: It’s “So complicated.” Pediatric Nursing, 43(2), 58, 102.

U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. (2017). Evidence-based practice and health technology assessment. Retrieved from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/evidence_based_practice.html

Zegeye, B., El-Khatib, Z., Ameyaw, E. K., Seidu, A.-A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Keetile, M., & Yaya, S. (2021). Breaking barriers to healthcare access: A multilevel analysis of individual- and community-level factors affecting women’s access to healthcare services in Benin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020750

Detailed Assessment Instructions for the NURS FPX 4000 Applying Research Skills Capella Example Paper

Description

• Applying Research Skills
•  
  • Details
  • Attempt 1Available
  • Attempt 2NotAvailable
  • Attempt 3NotAvailable
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Overview

Create a 4-6 page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you.For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization. Read each portion of the assessment carefully and use the Suggested Resources to help you complete the assessment. This assessment provides an opportunity to apply research skills to a current health care problem or issue.SHOW MORE

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Context

Read the Assessment 2 Context document for an explanation of why research skills are important for health care leaders.

• Toggle Drawer

Questions to Consider

As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, a family member, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.

• • How do you approach a problem or issue within your organization, when you observe it?
  • How often have you needed to find credible information to solve a personal or professional problem? How did you find the information you needed?
  • What are peer-reviewed resources? Why are peer-reviewed resources considered to be credible and valid?
  • How would you explore evidence-based best practices in your field of study?
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Resources

ASSESSMENT EXAMPLE

• • Assessment 2 Example [PDF].

GUIDES AND TEMPLATES

• • APA Style Paper Template [DOCX].
  • APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX].

REQUIRED RESOURCES

The following resources are required to complete the assessment.

• • Assessment Topic Areas | Transcript.
  • Socratic Problem-Solving Approach.

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

The resources provided here are optional and support the assessment. They provide helpful information about topics related to the assessment. You may use other resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment; however, you will need to ensure that they are appropriate, credible, and valid. The undergraduate Library Guide for your program, under Resources for Research and Annotated Bibliographies below, can help direct your research. The Supplemental Resources and Research Resources, both linked from the left navigation menu in your courseroom, provide additional resources to help support you.

Resources for Research and Annotated Bibliographies

• • Gennaro, S. (2016). Why write? Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(2), 117.
  • Nursing (BSN) Library Research Guide.
  • Public Health Undergraduate Library Research Guide.
  • Health Care Administration Undergraduate Library Research Guide.
  • U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. (2017). Evidence-based practice and health technology assessment.Retrieved from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/evidence_based_pra…
  • Rollins, J. A. (2017). Healthcare: It’s “So complicated.” Pediatric Nursing, 43(2), 58, 102.
  • Source Material for the Annotated Bibliography video.
  • Sample Annotated Bibliography [PDF].

Resources for Writing

• • APA Citation: Citing a Book.
  • APA Citation: Citing a Journal Article.
  • APA Citation: Citing a Website.
  • APA Guide.
  • APA Style and Format.
  • NHS Learner Success Lab.
• Assessment Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach as described on Campus to aid your critical thinking.

1. View the Assessment Topic Areas media piece linked in the Resources and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your overview:

• 1. • Describe the health care problem or issue.
     • Describe your interest in the topic.
     • Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.

2. Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used.

• 1. • You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help you in your search.
     • Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.

3. Assess the credibility of the information sources you find.

• 1. • Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
     • Determine if the publication is current.
     • Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.

4. Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past three to five years that relate to your topic.
5. Explain the relevance of the information sources.

• 1. • Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source.
     • Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic.

6. Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

• 1. • The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic.
     • List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
     • Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.
     • Follow the reference with the annotation.

7. In your annotation:

• 1. • Identify the purpose of the article.
     • Summarize the source:
       • What are the main arguments?
       • What topics are covered?
     • Include the conclusions and findings of the article.
     • Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length.

8. In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your research.

• 1. • List the main points you learned about.
     • Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.

Example Assessment: You may use the assessment example, linked in the Assessment Example section of the Resources, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

9. Length: At least 4–6 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
10. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
11. APA Template: Use the APA Style Paper Template as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial for guidance. See the Resources for these documents.
12. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
13. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.
14. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.
15. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

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NURS FPX 4010 Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Example Paper

NURS FPX 4010 Capella 4010 Assessment 3: Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal

Assignment Brief: NURS FPX 4010 Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal

Course: NURS FPX 4010 Leading People, Processes, and Organizations in Interprofessional Practice

Assignment Title: Assessment 3: Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal

Assignment Overview:

In this assignment, you’ll develop a comprehensive Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal applying knowledge in managing resources, interdisciplinary collaboration, change management theories, and effective leadership within a healthcare organization. This assignment is a continuation of your exploration of organizational issues within the healthcare setting, building on the insights gained from a professional interview conducted earlier in the course.

Assignment Objectives:

The primary goal of this assignment is to develop a strategic plan aimed at addressing a specific issue identified during your professional interview. By constructing an Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal, you will apply knowledge and skills related to managing human and financial resources, implementing interdisciplinary collaboration, utilizing change management theories, and employing effective leadership strategies within a healthcare organization.

The Student’s Role:

Your role as a student is to critically analyze the identified issue from your professional interview and develop a realistic and evidence-based interdisciplinary plan proposal. Engage with the literature to support your choices, ensuring that your proposed interventions align with best practices in healthcare management. Additionally, showcase effective communication skills by presenting your ideas in a clear, concise, and professional manner.

Remember, this assignment is not about immediate implementation but focuses on creating a viable and well-supported plan that could realistically address the identified issue within the given organizational context.

NURS FPX 4010 Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Example Paper

Introduction

This proposal focuses on addressing the pressing problem of medical errors within Valley Hospital. The proposed plan, drawing on a multidisciplinary approach, aims to diminish the frequency of medical errors within the hospital’s medical-surgical unit. This initiative is poised not only to elevate patient safety and satisfaction but also to contribute to enhanced economic stability and the overall reputation of the hospital.

Objective

The central objective of this plan is to instill a collaborative culture of care specifically in medication management within Valley Hospital. The primary goal is a substantial reduction in errors occurring during the prescribing, dispensing, and administration stages. Successful implementation of this objective is anticipated to result in a noteworthy 20-25% decline in medical errors within three to six months, ultimately fostering improved patient safety, health outcomes, and cost savings in healthcare.

Questions and Predictions

How will a collaborative culture of care for medication management improve medication safety and reduce errors?

Prediction: A collaborative culture is expected to yield a 20-25% decrease in medical errors within three to six months. This stems from healthcare providers working together to verify prescriptions, administer correct medication, and effectively monitor patient responses.

How will time constraints and communication barriers be overcome during interdisciplinary plan implementation?

Prediction: Utilizing technologies like electronic health records (EHRs) will mitigate time constraints and communication barriers. Initially, there might be a 5-10% increase in workload, but as processes become more efficient, this percentage is expected to decrease.

How will engaging patients in their medication management impact patient-related errors?

Prediction: Patient engagement is anticipated to result in a 10% reduction in patient-related medication errors within six months. Informed and engaged patients actively participating in medical error prevention will contribute to this reduction.

Methods for Determining Success

Success will be determined through dashboard metrics, including enhanced patient satisfaction, reduced mortality rates associated with medication errors, and a decrease in the overall number of medication errors. Patient surveys will also be conducted to evaluate their experience with medication management, providing indirect insights into the success of the proposal (Choudhury & Asan, 2020; Dürr et al., 2021).

Change Theories and Leadership Strategies

In the proposed plan, we’re looking at a change theory called the PDSA cycle, which stands for Plan, Do, Study, Act. This approach aims to get everyone on board within interdisciplinary teams at Valley Hospital. The project team manager will come up with ways to use these interdisciplinary strategies to cut down on medication errors. For example, they’ll organize meetings with smaller groups of team members from different departments to highlight the importance of avoiding medical mistakes. The focus is on showing how teamwork can help reduce these errors. They’ll also figure out ways to minimize medication errors, like making sure there’s clear and timely communication among team members and patients. They’re planning to use EHR technology to keep everyone on the same page with their tasks (Mondal et al., 2022).

After figuring out these strategies, the hospital will try them out on a small scale, maybe in one department first. They’ll then check how well things are going and make improvements as needed. This whole setup allows the healthcare team to collaborate effectively in strategic ways to bring down medical errors. Healthcare providers will work together to make sure patients get only the medication prescribed to them.

Now, when it comes to leadership, the focus is on collaborative leadership. Everyone in the interdisciplinary team at Valley Hospital is encouraged to work together on this project. They’re creating an environment that supports open communication and mutual respect. By fostering a culture of mutual respect, healthcare professionals can freely share their ideas on managing and reducing medication errors. They can also discuss ways to improve collaboration and overcome any hurdles in coordinating care (Bianchi et al., 2021).

One specific aspect of Valley Hospital’s plan involves “shared decision-making.” This part of the plan will be put into action through the leadership strategy. The team needs to collaborate to give patients the right medication tailored to their health needs, as prescribed by their healthcare providers. This collaborative approach helps break down communication barriers that might otherwise get in the way of implementing the plan effectively. Lastly, this strategy aims to achieve patient-provider engagement by giving patients the respect and value they deserve in working together with healthcare providers for safe medication management.

Team Collaboration Strategy

For the interdisciplinary plan to succeed, team members from different departments must carry out their roles collaboratively. The contribution of each member would be as follows:

• Physicians: They play a vital role in ensuring patients get the right medication based on their health needs. This helps avoid errors related to prescribing medications (Irajpour et al., 2019).
• Nurse Leaders: Their job is to supervise and educate nurses on protocols for secure medication management. Nurses in Valley Hospital have the responsibility of double-checking medications before following the “five rights of medication administration.” If there’s any confusion, they consult with physicians to clarify.
• Pharmacists: They collaborate with physicians to ensure the proper dosage of medication is dispensed, preventing any errors in dispensing.
• Healthcare Providers: Each one must use EHR (Electronic Health Records) to keep patient medical data up-to-date. This helps in enhancing collaboration among the healthcare team.
• Hospital Administration: They play a significant role in managing medication errors by analyzing current patterns and predicting future outcomes based on the implemented strategies.
• Patients: Patients are actively involved in collaboration, learning about safe medication management for medications they might need to take on their own. This collaborative approach includes meetings to implement a shared-decision strategy, ensuring informed healthcare decisions. This strategy helps in preventing errors arising from miscommunication and a lack of understanding of the patient’s health needs (Alanazi et al., 2019).

Moreover, Electronic Health Records (EHR) serve as a technology-based tactic for collaboration. Through shared decision-making, interdisciplinary teams aim to provide patient-centered care by involving patients in decisions related to their medications. This involvement is crucial to prevent errors that might occur due to miscommunication and a lack of understanding of patients’ health needs. EHR also facilitates seamless communication and coordination among interdisciplinary teams by providing real-time patient data on medications, promoting safe medication management.

Required Organizational Resources

To put the proposed multidisciplinary plan into action at Valley Hospital, several key resources are needed. From the human resource perspective, the following would be a breakdown of what’s required:

• Physicians: At least two physicians are essential for successful implementation.
• Pharmacists: The involvement of three pharmacists is crucial for their expertise in medication management.
• Nurses: A team of five nurses will play a vital role in ensuring safe medication practices.
• IT Specialists: Two specialists are needed to handle Electronic Health Records (EHR) maintenance and operation.
• Administrative Staff: Three administrative staff members are required to manage the organizational aspects of the plan.

On the other hand, on the financial aspect, the following would be required:

• Basic Salaries: Each staffing member, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, IT specialists, and administrative staff, will receive an annual salary of $35,000.
• Training Costs: Conducting training on safe medication practices and effective collaboration is estimated at $15,000.
• Supplies for EHR Integration: To integrate Electronic Health Records (EHR), essential supplies, including software and bandwidth, will incur an initial cost of $90,000.
• Follow-Up Maintenance: An additional $20,000 will be required every six months for ongoing maintenance.

The grand total for the financial budget needed to implement this plan at Valley Hospital is $650,000. Now, if the plan isn’t put into action or doesn’t succeed, the consequences could be significant. The organization might face a substantial financial burden due to an increase in medication errors. Litigation costs related to malpractice could add to the financial strain. Moreover, healthcare costs may rise due to complications from errors, and patient readmission rates could climb, further driving up the costs. Therefore, it’s crucial for the organization to continually strive for improvements, aiming to reduce medication errors and enhance patient safety.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the proposed interdisciplinary plan at Valley Hospital presents a strategic approach to combatting medication errors, a critical concern that impacts patient safety and overall healthcare outcomes. By instilling a collaborative culture of care, the plan aims to create an environment where healthcare professionals work together seamlessly to mitigate medication errors. Through the incorporation of change theories and leadership strategies, the goal is not only to reduce errors but also to foster a sustained commitment to patient safety.

The success of the plan heavily relies on effective team collaboration, with physicians, pharmacists, nurses, IT specialists, and administrative staff playing integral roles. The outlined responsibilities and collaborative approaches, rooted in shared decision-making and leveraging Electronic Health Records (EHR), are designed to enhance communication and coordination among interdisciplinary teams.

The allocation of organizational resources, including staffing needs, training costs, and investments in EHR integration, underscores the financial commitment required for the plan’s implementation. A well-structured budget of $650,000 has been outlined, emphasizing the importance of these financial resources in ensuring the plan’s success. Failure to implement the plan or its lack of success could pose severe financial repercussions for the hospital, including increased litigation costs, healthcare expenses, and patient readmission rates.

To maintain positive outcomes and reinforce a culture of patient safety, continuous evaluation and improvement are imperative. This involves ongoing training, monitoring, and adjustments to the plan based on real-time feedback and evolving healthcare practices. In essence, the interdisciplinary plan is not a one-time fix but a dynamic and evolving strategy aimed at creating a safer and more efficient healthcare environment within Valley Hospital.

References

Alanazi, B., Butler-Henderson, K., & Alanazi, M. R. (2019). The role of electronic health records in improving communication between health professionals in primary healthcare centres in Riyadh: Perception of health professionals. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 264, 499–503. https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI190272

Bianchi, C., Nasi, G., & Rivenbark, W. C. (2021). Implementing collaborative governance: Models, experiences, and challenges. Public Management Review, 23(11), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1878777

Choudhury, A., & Asan, O. (2020). Role of artificial intelligence in patient safety outcomes: Systematic literature review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 8(7), e18599. https://doi.org/10.2196/18599

Dürr, P., Schlichtig, K., Kelz, C., Deutsch, B., Maas, R., Eckart, M. J., Wilke, J., Wagner, H., Wolff, K., Preuß, C., Brückl, V., Meidenbauer, N., Staerk, C., Mayr, A., Fietkau, R., Goebell, P. J., Kunath, F., Beckmann, M. W., Mackensen, A., & Neurath, M. F. (2021). The randomized AMBORA trial: Impact of pharmacological/pharmaceutical care on medication safety and patient-reported outcomes during treatment with new oral anticancer agents. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 39(18), 1983–1994. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.03088

Irajpour, A., Farzi, S., Saghaei, M., & Ravaghi, H. (2019). Effect of interprofessional education of medication safety program on the medication error of physicians and nurses in the intensive care units. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8(196). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_200_19

Mondal, S., Banerjee, M., Mandal, S., Mallick, A., Das, N., Basu, B., & Ghosh, R. (2022). An initiative to reduce medication errors in neonatal care unit of a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal: A quality improvement report. BMJ Open Quality, 11(Suppl 1), e001468. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001468

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